努力赚钱用英语怎么说，努力赚钱用英语怎么说？

Hi, I'm Daniel. Welcome to Oxford Online English!

嗨，我是丹尼尔。欢迎来到牛津大学在线英语课程！

In this lesson, you can learn about using adjectives in English.

在这节课中，大家可以学习如何使用英语中的形容词。

You'll see basic information about English adjectives, what they do, and how you can use them.

大家可以看到关于英语形容词的基本信息，它们的作用，以及如何使用它们。

Then, you'll see some more details about different types of adjectives and what they mean.

大家还会看到更多关于不同类型形容词及其含义的细节。

Before we start, have you visited our website: Oxford Online English dot com?

在我们开始之前让我问一句，你访问过我们的网站吗：Oxford Online English dot com？

If you want to improve your English, there are free video lessons as well as listening lessons.

如果你想提高你的英语水平的话，网站上有免费的视频课和听力课。

We also have a large selection of professional teachers who can help you to improve your English in online classes.

我们还有很多专业教师，可以帮助你通过在线课程提高英语水平。

But now, let's get back to the lesson.

但是现在，让我们回到课程上来。

First, a question: what do adjectives do?

首先问大家一个问题：形容词有什么作用？

Adjectives describe nouns — they add information to a noun or noun phrase.

形容词描述名词——它们给名词或名词短语添加信息。

For example: 'The sea was blue and clear.' The adjectives — 'blue' and 'clear' — add information to the noun — 'sea'.

例如：“大海是蓝色清澈的。”形容词“蓝色的”和“清澈的”给名词海洋添加了信息。

Adjectives can be used in many ways, but there are two common patterns.

形容词可以有很多种使用方式，但有两种常见的模式。

First, you can put adjectives directly before the noun they describe, like this: 'red high-heeled shoes'.

首先，可以把形容词直接放在它们描述的名词前面，就像这样：“红色高跟鞋”。

'A reliable friend.' 'He gave me an expensive Italian leather wallet.' Secondly, you can use a linking verb plus an adjective after a noun, like this: 'She felt happy.' 'It's sunny.' 'He seems quiet today.' By the way, what are 'linking verbs'?

“一个可靠的朋友。”“他给了我一个昂贵的意大利皮钱包。”其次，你可以在名词后面加上一个连接动词和一个形容词，就像这样：“她感到很高兴。”“天气晴朗，”“他今天看起来很安静。”顺便问一下，什么是“连接动词”呢？

Linking verbs add information to a subject.

连接动词给主语增加信息。

Common linking verbs include 'be', 'seem', 'become', 'feel' and 'appear', although there are many others.

常见的连接动词有“be”、“seem”、“become”、“feel”和“appear”，尽管还有很多其他的。

You don't need to worry about this right now.

你现在不需要担心这个问题。

Remember the basic point: adjectives can go before a noun, or after it.

记住基本要点：形容词可以放在名词前面，也可以放在名词后面。

This will become more important later in the lesson — keep watching to find out why!

这在后面的课程中会更加重要——继续观察，找出原因吧！

Here's another question for you: how can you find the adjectives in a sentence?

还有一个问题要问你：如何在句子中找到形容词呢？

What do adjectives look like?

形容词长什么样子？

There's no simple answer to this question.

这个问题没有简单的答案。

With all parts of speech, it's better to look at full sentences and think about context and meaning.

对于所有的词类，最好看完整的句子，思考上下文和意义。

Let's do a quick test!

来做个快速测试吧！

Here are five sentences.

这里有五个句子。

Can you find the adjective or adjectives in each one?

你能找到每个句子中的一个或多个形容词吗？

Pause the video if you need more time to think.

如果你需要更多时间思考的话，请暂停视频。

You'll see the answers in a few seconds.

几秒钟后你就可以看到答案了。

Ready?

准备好了吗？

Here are the answers.

以下是答案。

You can see a few useful points here.

你可以在这里看到一些有用的要点。

Firstly, adjectives don't look similar to each other.

首先，形容词看起来并不相似。

Adjectives can have many different endings, and they can even end with -ly, like many adverbs do.

形容词可以有许多不同的结尾，它们甚至可以像许多副词一样以-ly 结尾。

Secondly, adjectives also have different forms.

其次，形容词也有不同的形式。

For example, many adjectives have comparative forms, like 'good-better', or superlative forms, like 'hard-hardest'.

例如，许多形容词都有比较级形式，比如“好-更好”，或者最高级形式，比如“难-最难”。

Thirdly, some adjectives are compound, meaning they're made from two or more other words.

第三，有些形容词是复合的，意思是它们是由两个或多个其他单词组成的。

This is common with numbers, as in 'a 25-year-old man'.

这在数字中很常见，比如“一个 25 岁的男人”。

Now, you know some of the basics about adjectives and how to use them.

现在你知道了一些关于形容词的基本知识以及如何使用它们。

Let's go into more detail about different types of adjectives.

让我们更详细地讨论不同类型的形容词吧。

Look at four sentences.

让我们来看四个句子。

Two are right, and two are wrong.

两个是对的，两个是错的。

Can you see which sentences are correct?

你能看出来哪些句子是正确的吗？

Do you know why the other two sentences are incorrect?

你知道为什么另外两句不正确吗？

Pause the video if you need more time to think about it.

如果你需要更多时间思考的话，请暂停视频。

Ready?

准备好了吗？

Let's look together.

让我们一起看看。

Sentences one and four are correct.

第一句和第四句是正确的。

Two and three are incorrect.

第二句和第三句不正确。

Did you get the right answers?

你的答案对了吗？

And, can you explain why sentences two and three are incorrect?

你能解释一下为什么第二句和第三句不正确吗？

To explain this, you need to know about an important idea: gradability.

为了解释这一点，你需要了解一个重要的概念：可分级性。

Some adjectives are gradable.

有些形容词是可分级的。

That means they can have different levels.

这意味着它们可以有不同的层次。

For example, 'nice' and 'interesting' are gradable.

例如，“不错的”和“有趣的”是可分级的。

Something can be more interesting, or less interesting.

有些事情可能更有趣，也可能不那么有趣。

There are different levels of 'interesting'.

“有趣的”有不同的层次。

Some adjectives are ungradable.

有些形容词是不可分级的。

That means that they're binary — either 'yes' or 'no'.

这意味着它们是二元的——要么是，要么不是。

For example, 'unique' is ungradable.

例如，“唯一的”是不可分级的。

Either something is unique, or it isn't.

要么是独一无二的，要么不是。

You can't have different levels of uniqueness.

你不能有不同程度的独特性。

It's a yes-or-no property.

这是一个是或否的属性。

Ungradable adjectives have two types.

不可分级形容词有两种类型。

Firstly, there are words with a strong meaning, like 'delicious', 'exhausted' or 'furious'.

首先，有些词的含义很强烈，比如“美味的”、“筋疲力尽的”或“愤怒的”。

Secondly, there are words with an absolute meaning, like 'unique', 'true' or 'possible'.

其次，有些词的含义很绝对，比如“独特的”、“真实的”或“可能的”。

When we talk about ungradable adjectives, we mean both of these types.

当我们谈论不可分级的形容词时，我们指的是这两种类型。

What does this mean for you?

这对你来说意味着什么呢？

Well, there are two important rules you should know.

嗯，有两条重要的规则你应该知道。

First, you can't make comparatives from ungradable adjectives.

首先，你不能用不可分级的形容词来做比较。

You can't say 'more delicious'.

你不能说“更美味的”。

You can't say 'truer' or 'most possible'.

你不能说“更真实的”或“最可能的”。

Secondly, if you want to emphasise an adjective by adding a word like 'very', 'really' or 'absolutely' before it, you need to use different words for gradable and ungradable adjectives.

其次，如果你想强调一个形容词，在它前面加上一个像“非常”、“真的”或“绝对”这样的词的话，你需要对可分级的形容词和不可分级的形容词使用不同的词。

'Very' is used with gradable adjectives.

“非常”与可分级的形容词连用。

So, you can say 'very beautiful', 'very cold' or 'very funny', but you can't say 'very gorgeous', 'very freezing' or 'very hilarious'.

所以，你可以说“非常漂亮”、“非常冷”或“非常有趣”，但你不能说“非常华丽”、“非常寒冷”或“非常滑稽”。

You can't say 'very freezing', but what can you say?

你不能说“非常冷”，但是你能说什么呢？

With ungradable adjectives, use 'absolutely' ; you can say 'absolutely freezing', 'absolutely exhausted' or 'absolutely unique'.

对于不可分级的形容词，使要用“极其地”；你可以说“极其冰冷”、“完全耗尽”或“极其独特”。

What if you're not sure?

如果你不确定呢？

Use 'really', which can be used with both gradable and ungradable adjectives.

那就使用“真的”，它既可以和可分级的形容词一起使用，也可以和不可分级的形容词一起使用。

So, you can say 'really cold' or 'really freezing'.

所以，你可以用着两种方式说“真的很冷”。

They're both fine!

它们都很棒！

Understanding the difference between gradable and ungradable adjectives is important if you want to use adjectives correctly in English.

如果你想在英语中正确使用形容词的话，理解可分级形容词和不可分级形容词之间的区别是很重要的。

There's also one more important point you should know.

还有一点你应该知道。

Let's look!

让我们看看吧！

You heard in part one that adjectives can go before the noun, or after the noun if you use a linking verb.

你在第一部分听到形容词可以放在名词前面，如果你使用连接动词的话，形容词可以放在名词后面。

So, are these sentences correct, or not?

那么，这些句子正确吗？

As always, pause the video if you want to think about it for longer.

和往常一样，如果你想思考更长时间的话，请暂停视频。

Ready?

准备好了吗？

Here's the answer.

这里是答案。

All three sentences are incorrect; none of them are possible.

这三个句子都不正确；没有一个是对的。

Do you know why?

你知道为什么吗？

Many adjectives can be used either before or after the noun they describe.

许多形容词可以在它们描述的名词之前或之后使用。

For example, you can say 'the car is new' or 'the new car'.

例如，你可以说“车是新的”或者是“新车”。

Both are possible, and it doesn't change the meaning.

两种都有可能，也不改变意思。

However, some adjectives can only be used in one position: either before or after the noun.

然而，有些形容词只能用在一个位置：在名词之前或之后。

That's the problem with the three sentences you saw just now.

那就是你刚才看到的三句话的问题。

'Asleep' can only be used after the noun it describes.

“睡着的”只能用在它描述的名词之后。

You can say 'The cat is asleep on the wall', but you can't say 'an asleep cat'.

你可以说“猫在墙上睡着了”，但你不能说“一只睡着的猫”。

'Main' and 'elder' are examples of adjectives which can only go before the noun.

“主要的”和“年老的”是只能放在名词之前的形容词。

So, you could say 'This is the main problem' or 'He is my elder brother.' Now, let's do a test.

所以，你可以说“这是主要问题”，或者“他是我的哥哥”。现在，让我们做一个测试。

Look at six adjectives: Here's the question: can these adjectives be used before the noun, after the noun, or in both positions?

看六个形容词：问题是：这些形容词可以用在名词前，名词后，还是两个位置都可以用呢？

To do this, try making sentences with the six adjectives, or go to an online dictionary, such as the Cambridge dictionary or Longman, and find example sentences.

要回答这个问题，请尝试用这六个形容词造句，或者访问在线词典，例如剑桥词典或朗曼词典并找到例句。

When you make sentences, try saying them out loud.

当你造句时，试着大声说出来。

Use your instinct.

运用你的直觉。

Does it sound strange or wrong?

听起来奇怪还是不对呢？

It probably is.

很可能如此。

Pause the video and do the test.

暂停视频，测试一下。

You'll see the answers in a few seconds!

几秒钟后你就会看到答案！

Ready?

准备好了吗？

Let's check together.

让我们一起检查一下。

'Alone' can only be used after the noun it describes.

“孤独的”只能用在它所描述的名词后面。

For example: 'He was alone for most of the summer.' 'Ill' is also generally used after the noun it describes.

例如：“他整个夏天大部分时间都是一个人。”“生病的”也通常用在它所描述的名词之后。

For example: 'I didn't work yesterday because my daughter was ill.' 'Complete' can be used in both positions.

例如：“我昨天没有工作，因为我女儿病了。”“完成的/彻头彻尾的”可以用在两个位置。

For example: 'It was a complete disaster!' Or, 'The first stage of the work is now complete.' 'Only' is used before the noun.

例如：“这完全是一场灾难！”或者：“工作的第一阶段现在完成了。”“唯一的”用在名词前。

For example: 'The only way to do it is to do it yourself.' 'Unhappy' can be used in both positions.

例如：“唯一的方法就是自己做。”“不幸福的”可以用在两个位置。

For example: 'They had an unhappy marriage,' or 'He didn't enjoy the last year of school and was often unhappy.' Finally, 'afraid' is only used after the noun.

例如：“他们的婚姻不幸福”，或者“他不喜欢学校的最后一年，他经常不开心。”最后，“害怕的”只用在名词后面。

For example: 'I was afraid of the dark when I was a child.' So, you're probably thinking: how do I know?

例如：“我小时候害怕黑暗。”所以，你可能在想：我怎么知道呢？

How do I know whether an adjective can be used before or after a noun?

我怎么知道形容词可以用在名词之前还是之后？

It's a good question.

这是个好问题。

Unfortunately, there isn't a simple answer.

不幸的是，没有一个简单的答案。

Dictionaries don't usually include this information.

字典通常不包含这些信息。

However, we have good news!

不过，我们有个好消息！

Most adjectives can be used in both positions.

大多数形容词都可以用在这两个位置。

Also, for most adjectives which can't, you already know the answer.

另外，对于大多数不能这样使用的形容词，你已经知道答案了。

For example, remember the sentence, 'The problem is main'?

例如，还记得这句话吗，“问题是主要的”？

Most of you knew that this sentence sounded wrong.

你们大多数人都知道这句话听起来不对。

Your instincts can be helpful!

你的直觉很有帮助！

Anyhow, now you know about gradability and adjective position.

不管怎样，现在你知道可分级性和形容词位置了。

There's a reason we've shown you these two topics, because our last idea depends on these points.

我们为大家讲解这两个话题是有原因的，因为我们最后的要点取决于这两个话题。

You know that adjectives can be gradable or ungradable, or that they can go before or after the noun, but in some cases, the same adjective can be used in different ways with different meanings.

你知道形容词可以是可分级的，也可以是不可分级的，或者它们可以在名词之前或之后，但是在某些情况下，同一个形容词可以用不同的方式，而带来不同的意思。

For example, look at these two sentences: 'She handled the situation in a very professional way.' 'She's a professional tennis player.' Both these sentences use the adjective 'professional', but in different ways.

例如，看看这两句话：“她以非常专业的方式处理了这种情况。”“她是职业网球运动员，”这两个句子都使用了形容词“专业的”，但方式不同。

Can you see the difference?

能看出区别吗？

In the first sentence, 'professional' is used as a gradable adjective, and it means something like 'effective' or 'competent'.

在第一句中，“专业的”用作可分级的形容词，意思是“有效的”或“称职的”。

In the second sentence, 'professional' is ungradable: it means that playing tennis is her job, and she makes money from it.

在第二句中，“专业的”是不可分级的：这意味着打网球是她的工作，她从中赚钱。

Let's do another example: 'Jerome was present at the meeting.' 'The present situation looks more hopeful than it has for several months.' What about here?

让我们再举一个例子：“杰罗姆出席了会议。”“目前的形势看起来比几个月来更有希望。”这个呢？

Can you explain the difference between these two uses of 'present'?

你能解释一下“present”这两种用法的区别吗？

In the first sentence, 'present' is used after the noun, with a linking verb.

在第一句中，“present”用在名词后面，带有一个连接动词。

It means that Jerome was there.

这意味着杰罗姆在那里。

In the second sentence, 'present' is used before the noun, and it means 'relating to now'.

在第二句中，“present”用在名词前面，意思是“与现在有关的”。

So, in this case, the adjective has different meanings in different positions.

所以，在这种情况下，形容词在不同的位置有不同的含义。

To be clear, this isn't flexible.

明确地说，这并不是灵活的。

You can't choose to use 'present' before a noun to mean 'there'.

你不能选择在名词前用“present”来表示“那里”。

If you use 'present' before a noun, then it means 'relating to now'.

如果你在名词前使用“present”，那么它的意思是“与现在有关”。

So, what should you take away from this?

那么，你应该从中学到什么信息呢？

What do you need to focus on?

你需要关注什么呢？

We aren't showing you these points because you need to learn lists of all the gradable and ungradable adjectives.

我们向大家展示这些要点，并不是因为你需要学习所有可分级和不可分级形容词的列表。

This lesson gives you tools to help you understand adjectives more deeply.

这节课只是给大家一些工具来帮助你更深入地理解形容词。

The most important point is that adjectives don't follow one simple set of rules.

最重要的一点是形容词不遵循一套简单的规则。

Like with all vocabulary, you need to use context to understand what an adjective means in a sentence.

像所有词汇一样，你需要使用上下文来理解形容词在句子中的意思。

Next — and this is also a general point — one word doesn't have one meaning.

接下来——这也是一个普遍的观点——某个词汇并不只是有一个意思。

With adjectives, whether a word is gradable or not can make a difference.

有的形容词是否可分级意思就会有所不同。

Where an adjective is used can make a difference.

使用形容词的地方会有所不同。

You can't simply rely on a dictionary or a translator.

你不能简单地依赖字典或翻译。

Again, you need to understand the context to understand the words.

同样，你需要理解上下文才能理解单词。

Do you find anything especially confusing about using English adjectives and adverbs?

你觉得英语形容词和副词使用有什么特别令人困惑的地方吗？

We're sure you aren't alone!

我们相信你不是一个人！

Share your ideas in the comments, and maybe you'll get some help.

在评论中分享你的想法，也许你会得到一些帮助。

Thanks for watching!

感谢收看！

See you next time!

下节课再见！